Candlestick charts are the most popular way to visualize stock price movements. They were invented in Japan over 200 years ago.

Origin

Munehisa Homma, a Japanese rice trader in the 1700s, developed candlestick charting to track rice prices in Osaka. His methods became the foundation of modern technical analysis.

Reading a Candlestick

  • Green/White candle: close > open (price went up)
  • Red/Black candle: close < open (price went down)
  • Body: distance between open and close
  • Wicks/Shadows: high and low of the period

Popular Patterns

  • Doji: open equals close (indecision)
  • Hammer: small body, long lower wick (potential reversal up)
  • Engulfing: large candle engulfs previous (strong reversal signal)

Why It Matters

Nearly every financial chart worldwide now uses candlesticks — a lasting legacy of Japanese financial innovation.