Corporate governance refers to the structures and processes for managing and controlling companies, protecting shareholder interests.
Asian Governance Challenges
| Issue | Where |
| Chaebol dominance | South Korea |
| SOE opacity | China |
| Cross-shareholdings | Japan |
| Promoter control | India |
| Family ownership | Southeast Asia |
Japan's Governance Revolution
Since 2014, Japan has transformed corporate governance:
- Stewardship Code (2014): institutional investors must engage
- Corporate Governance Code (2015): board independence, shareholder returns
- TSE reform (2023): pressuring companies with P/B <1 to improve
Result: Japanese stocks hit all-time highs in 2024, partly driven by governance improvements.
Korea's Value-Up Program
Following Japan's success, Korea launched its own 'Value-Up' program in 2024 to address the 'Korea discount' caused by governance concerns.